It’s common knowledge that almost every single geek hates Internet Explorer with a passion, but have you ever wondered why? Let’s take a fair look at the history and where it all began… for posterity, if nothing else.
"
Mostrando postagens com marcador Microsoft. Mostrar todas as postagens
Mostrando postagens com marcador Microsoft. Mostrar todas as postagens
19 de out. de 2010
HTG Explains: Why Do So Many Geeks Hate Internet Explorer?
HTG Explains: Why Do So Many Geeks Hate Internet Explorer?: "
It’s common knowledge that almost every single geek hates Internet Explorer with a passion, but have you ever wondered why? Let’s take a fair look at the history and where it all began… for posterity, if nothing else.
"
It’s common knowledge that almost every single geek hates Internet Explorer with a passion, but have you ever wondered why? Let’s take a fair look at the history and where it all began… for posterity, if nothing else.
"
15 de out. de 2010
Microsoft attacks OpenOffice.org and open source with a damning video
Microsoft attacks OpenOffice.org and open source with a damning video: "
Filed under: Microsoft, OpenOffice.org, Open Source
In a typographical and punchy masterpiece, Microsoft has published a video that boldly attacks OpenOffice. You can watch it after the break.
The video is simple in its execution, using what seems to the spoken, damning testimonials of those that have used OpenOffice. Beautiful fonty goodness expands, diminishes, whooshes and slides as each and every one of OpenOffice's claimed benefits are torn to pieces.
The basic purpose of the video is to show businesses that switching to free, open-source software isn't as easy or efficient as it sounds. You know what you're getting with Microsoft Office -- while with OpenOffice it's hard for a business to predict its total support costs, and seemingly that's something businesses really hate.
I don't think Microsoft Office is actually much better than OpenOffice -- it's just that almost everyone, by virtue of Microsoft's 20-year monopoly of the workplace, knows their way around Microsoft Office. In fact, the only real claim made by Microsoft in the video is that its macro support is better -- the rest of its arguments seem to boil down to 'most of the world uses Microsoft Office; so should you!'
Better the devil you know, in other words.
"
Filed under: Microsoft, OpenOffice.org, Open Source
In a typographical and punchy masterpiece, Microsoft has published a video that boldly attacks OpenOffice. You can watch it after the break.
The video is simple in its execution, using what seems to the spoken, damning testimonials of those that have used OpenOffice. Beautiful fonty goodness expands, diminishes, whooshes and slides as each and every one of OpenOffice's claimed benefits are torn to pieces.
The basic purpose of the video is to show businesses that switching to free, open-source software isn't as easy or efficient as it sounds. You know what you're getting with Microsoft Office -- while with OpenOffice it's hard for a business to predict its total support costs, and seemingly that's something businesses really hate.
I don't think Microsoft Office is actually much better than OpenOffice -- it's just that almost everyone, by virtue of Microsoft's 20-year monopoly of the workplace, knows their way around Microsoft Office. In fact, the only real claim made by Microsoft in the video is that its macro support is better -- the rest of its arguments seem to boil down to 'most of the world uses Microsoft Office; so should you!'
Better the devil you know, in other words.
Microsoft attacks OpenOffice.org and open source with a damning video originally appeared on Download Squad on Fri, 15 Oct 2010 11:30:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.
"
9 de jun. de 2010
Google outlaws Windows, but what if Microsoft outlaws Google...?
Google outlaws Windows, but what if Microsoft outlaws Google...?: "
Late last night news emerged that Google is banning Microsoft Windows from its corporate offices. This is the final resolution of the Google vs. China cyber warfare, a conflict that began with the hacking of a Windows-based computer at Google.
Late last night news emerged that Google is banning Microsoft Windows from its corporate offices. This is the final resolution of the Google vs. China cyber warfare, a conflict that began with the hacking of a Windows-based computer at Google.
Two plus ways to transfer files via FTP in Windows
Two plus ways to transfer files via FTP in Windows: "
While writing the Core FTP LE Product Spotlight blog post, I discovered a new way to transfer files using FTP. It led me to wonder how many other people were unaware of the two-plus ways to transfer files via FTP using only the tools provided in Windows.
I will briefly discuss each method using Windows 7 in the examples below. These instructions will also work in Windows Vista. Each method uses a different component of Windows to initiate the transfer:
While writing the Core FTP LE Product Spotlight blog post, I discovered a new way to transfer files using FTP. It led me to wonder how many other people were unaware of the two-plus ways to transfer files via FTP using only the tools provided in Windows.
I will briefly discuss each method using Windows 7 in the examples below. These instructions will also work in Windows Vista. Each method uses a different component of Windows to initiate the transfer:
- Internet Explorer 8
- Windows Explorer
- DOS command line
20 de abr. de 2010
Article ID: 321044
Estava eu hoje a ver os logs dos meus DC quando apanhei esta mensagem
"There are multiple accounts with name HOST/machinename of type DS_SERVICE_PRINCIPAL_NAME.ost/mycomputer.mydomain.com".
A explicação do erro pode ser consultada aqui Article ID: 321044
Basicamente, o que erro quer dizer é que existe duas contas de computador que estão em conflito. Para corrigir o problema bastará procurar quais as contas recorrendo à aplicação ldifde.exe
exemplo: ldifde -f check_SPN.txt -d "DC=mydomain,DC=com" -l servicePrincipalName -r "(servicePrincipalName=host/mycomputer.mydomain.com)" -p subtree
Substitui DC=mydomain,DC=com pelo do root name space correto e pelo FQDN da máquina damycomputer.mydomain.com
Em alternativa podem executar este vbs.
Depois de encontradas as contas, terá que apagar uma delas. Para tal executa a consola de Utilizadores e Computadores da AD, dsa.msc, procura a conta de computador e "delete".
"There are multiple accounts with name HOST/machinename of type DS_SERVICE_PRINCIPAL_NAME.ost/mycomputer.mydomain.com".
A explicação do erro pode ser consultada aqui Article ID: 321044
Basicamente, o que erro quer dizer é que existe duas contas de computador que estão em conflito. Para corrigir o problema bastará procurar quais as contas recorrendo à aplicação ldifde.exe
exemplo: ldifde -f check_SPN.txt -d "DC=mydomain,DC=com" -l servicePrincipalName -r "(servicePrincipalName=host/mycomputer.mydomain.com)" -p subtree
Substitui DC=mydomain,DC=com pelo do root name space correto e pelo FQDN da máquina damycomputer.mydomain.com
Em alternativa podem executar este vbs.
Depois de encontradas as contas, terá que apagar uma delas. Para tal executa a consola de Utilizadores e Computadores da AD, dsa.msc, procura a conta de computador e "delete".
8 de abr. de 2010
40 Aplicações uteis para os administradores de sistemas
| tool | URL |
|---|---|
| 7-Zip is a file archiver with a high compression ratio. | http://www.7-zip.org/ |
| Acronis True Image with Universal Restore - Disk Imaging tool | http://www.acronis.com/ |
| Belarc Advisor - Audits installed software, list keys, hardware, Microsoft patches, and generates a report | http://www.belarc.com/free_download.html |
| Clonezilla is an OpenSource clone system with unicasting and multicasting! Goodbye to Ghost | http://clonezilla.org |
| CPUz. Accurate PC motherboard, RAM, graphics card details and MUCH more without opening up the box | http://www.cpuid.com/cpuz.php |
| cURL a command line tool for transferring files with URL syntax, supporting FTP, FTPS, HTTP, HTTPS, SCP, SFTP, TFTP, TELNET, DICT, LDAP, LDAPS and FILE. | http://curl.haxx.se/ |
| DBAN - Darik's Boot and Nuke (DBAN) is a self-contained boot disk that securely wipes the hard disks of most computers. | http://www.dban.org/ |
| Desktop Restore is a tiny shell extension that records the position of your desktop icons and lets you easily restore your favorite desktop layout. | http://www.midiox.com/desktoprestore.htm |
| ExamDiff is a good file-comparison tool | http://www.prestosoft.com/edp_examdiff.asp |
| File-Rescue Plus is an easy to use recovery utility to remotely scan WindowsHard Drives, and removable media | http://www.softwareshelf.com/products/file_rescue_plus_enterprise.htm |
| GParted is the GNOME partition editor for creating, reorganizing, and deleting disk partitions. | http://gparted.sourceforge.net/livecd.php |
| InfraRecorder is a graphical tool for burning ISO images. Supports many DVD and CD drives that are available, burn ISO images, CDs and DVDs. | http://infrarecorder.org/?page_id=5 |
| Iometer is great to pound on hard drives - a good I/O subsystem measurement and characterization tool | http://www.iometer.org/ |
| Kdiff3 is a file-comparison tool that does unicode, editing, directories and 3 way merge, all for free. | http://kdiff3.sourceforge.net/ |
| Kon-Boot - Log into any local or domain account on a pc without a password. Very cool tool. | http://www.piotrbania.com/all/kon-boot/ |
| Lansweeper is a network inventory tool that performs hardware scanning, software scanning, and reporting on Active Directory (AD) users. Needs SQL. | http://www.lansweeper.com/ |
| LUA BugLight - For finding out where a program hangs with it run under restricted mode so you can make system changes | http://blogs.msdn.com/aaron_margosis/archive/2006/08/07/LuaBuglight.aspx |
| MyDefrag-4.0 - Flexible Hard Drive Defrag program with a scripting language | http://www.kessels.com/Jkdefrag/ |
| Nmap Security Scanner version 5.00. | http://nmap.org/ |
| Norton removal tool. LOL: | http://www.softpedia.com/get/Tweak/Uninstallers/Norton-Removal-Tool.shtml |
| Notepad++ features a tabbed interface, syntax highlighting for all popular programming and scripting languages, bracket matching, and macro recording. | http://notepad-plus.sourceforge.net/uk/download.php |
| Offline NT Password & Registry Editor - Boot CD that can change local account passwords | http://home.eunet.no/pnordahl/ntpasswd/ |
| Paint.NET is a huge improvement over Windows' built-in Paint program for image manipulation. | http://www.getpaint.net/download.html |
| Password Safe allows you to safely and easily create a secured and encrypted user name/password list. | http://passwordsafe.sf.net |
| PEESR - Periodic Emailed Event Summary Report. Order today and save 10% with coupon code SUNB-PXTO-SAUG | http://jntae.com/peesr/peesr.html |
| PING makes a sector-based image copy of a disk partition. The bootable PING ISO tool copies a full system disk to on a bigger disk. | http://ping.windowsdream.com |
| SpinRite Boot CD - Hard Disk recovery tool | http://www.grc.com/sr/spinrite.htm |
| Sunbelt Sandbox. Upload suspicious files to the Sunbelt Labs and have them scanned. Similar to VirusTotal | http://www.sunbeltsecurity.com |
| Superscan 3.0 - fast little port scanner. A quick way to tell whats on the network. | http://www.foundstone.com/us/resources/proddesc/superscan3.htm |
| Sysinternals - An sysadmin's best friend - especially Process Explorer that shows why a PC is slow | http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/default.aspx |
| Total Commander is a powerful shareware file manager for all flavors of Windows | http://www.ghisler.com/ |
| TrueCrypt. Brilliant file and whole-disk encryption | http://www.truecrypt.org |
| UBCD4Win is a bootable recovery CD that contains software used for repairing, restoring, or diagnosing almost any computer problem. | http://www.ubcd4win.com/ |
| Ultimate Boot CD has over 100 tools for diagnostics and repair. | http://www.ultimatebootcd.com/ |
| Ultra VNC. Say no more: | http://www.uvnc.com |
| UltraTech's list of tools that needs some updating but has dozens of popular tools and their links | http://KB.UltraTech-llc.com/?File=Utils.TXT |
| USB Deview. Untangle all those devices sensibly. In fact, most of Nir's utilities are pretty good | http://www.nirsoft.net/ |
| VIPRE Rescue is a command-line utility that will scan and clean an infected computer that is so infected that programs cannot be easily run | http://live.sunbeltsoftware.com/ |
| VirtualBox is a powerful, free x86 virtualization tool for Windows, Linux and more | http://www.virtualbox.org/ |
| Voidtools - everything search engine. Locate files and folders by name instantly. | http://www.voidtools.com/ |
| WinDirStat is a very good disk space usage visualization and cleanup tool for Microsoft Windows | http://windirstat.info/ |
| Windows Installer CleanUp Utility for failed or partially installed software | http://support.microsoft.com/kb/290301 |
| Wireshark is a popular network protocol analyzer (sniffer), used in many industries and educational institutions. | http://www.wireshark.org/ |
| XML Notepad is a specialized MS XML editor with a small footprint. It has a Tree View and a Node Text View and a built-in XML Diff capability. | http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=72d6aa49-787d-4118-ba5f-4f30fe913628 |
| ZoomIt lets you magnify portions of your screen while doing demos and presos, as well as draw on and annotate the screen. | http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/bb897434.aspx |
6 de abr. de 2010
10 obscure antivirus tools worth checking out
10 obscure antivirus tools worth checking out: "
You know about the big players in the AV field — but a number of lesser-known tools may serve your needs as well (or even better). Jack Wallen runs through some of your choices.
Viruses come and go. Some of them are simply annoyances, but others are nasty little bits of malicious single-minded code that want to take down your machine or take away your data. Fortunately, there are plenty of tools out there that can help you deal with the problem. Some of those tools are well known: Symantec, McAfee, Norton. But you can also find tools that will serve you at a fraction of the cost or a fraction of the CPU processes.
I’m going to introduce you to some of these lesser-known antivirus tools. In the end, you will have more tools for your toolkit than you ever though you would have… all of which are ready to immunize you from machine-crushing code.
1: BitDefender
BitDefender is one of my favorites on the list. Why? Because it has one of the best graphical virus tools available for the Linux operating system. Of course it doesn’t offer just a Linux solution. BitDefender offers antivirus for both Linux and Windows, as well as for various server installations. In fact, BitDefender has solutions for mail servers, Samba servers, desktops, and much more.
2: Avira Antivir
Avira Antivir has, in many cases, found viruses where others have not. One of my favorite uses for this solution is to slap it on a Linux machine (the Linux version is command-line based, but does have a GUI if you prefer), attach an infected Windows drive externally, and run Avira on that drive. Much like BitDefender, Avira will find viruses many other solutions won’t find. And because it is mostly command line, it is also quite a bit faster than other tools.
3: ClamAV
ClamAV is mostly a mail server antivirus for Linux, but it does a bang-up job. If you’re hosting a Linux-based mail server, you will want to include ClamAV on it; otherwise, you risk winding up spreading the love of viruses around the globe.
4: Avast
Avast is not as much a wallflower as the other tools, but it certainly has never been crowned Prom Queen. It’s an outstanding tool that offers a lot of options many other tools over look. One of my favorite aspects of Avast is the built-in rootkit check. You can’t go wrong when you know your antivirus is keeping you safe from rootkits.
5: rkhunter
rkhunter is not so much an antivirus tool as it is an anti-rootkit tool. If you’ve never come across a rootkit on a machine, consider yourself lucky. Very lucky. Rootkits are the Mac Daddy of viruses. And if your current antivirus solution doesn’t protect you from rootkits, either add a rootkit protection tool on your system or uninstall and install one that does!
6: Dr.Web CureIt!
Dr.Web CureIt! is an interesting tool in that it requires no installation. It’s a simple binary file that, when double-clicked, will execute and scan your machine. The only drawback is that to get the latest definitions, you have to re-download the tool and use the newest version. But how easy would this tool be to use as a portable virus scanner?
7: ESET Smart Security
ESET Smart Security is from the makers of the NOD32 Antivirus tool that has been around for quite some time. ESET sets itself apart by being an antivirus and a firewall in one. But the firewall isn’t just a standard firewall. It’s a “learning firewall,” in that it observes how its users use the network and, theoretically, adapts to that usage. ESET also protects you from removable data and from viruses that attempt to disable your antivirus protection.
8: ZoneAlarm
ZoneAlarm is an antivirus tool that offers something others do not — DataLock. The DataLock portion of ZoneAlarm uses encryption on your hard drive so that it is readable only by those with the encryption key. DataLock also offers pre-boot authentication so that unauthorized users can’t even boot your machine. Yes, these features can be added from the BIOS or from other tools, but with ZoneAlarm, you have antivirus, encryption, and boot authentication all in one.
9: iAntiVirus
iAntiVirus is for — you guessed it — Mac. Like Linux, nothing is immune (no matter how much the media and the PR say it is). And that beautiful new Mac you bought can use protection as well as that new quad-core Windows 7 machine. iAntiVirus is as inherently Mac as you will ever find in an antivirus tool. Not only is it user-friendly, it has that same Mac interface that everyone has grown to love (or hate). And what’s best, iAntiVirus works like any other antivirus software you have ever used — only it does so on a Mac. So it must be better.
10: Microsoft Security Essentials
Microsoft Security Essentials has to be on this list. After all, it wouldn’t be fair of me to highlight inherently Linux and Mac tools without offering the Windows equivalent. What is really surprising about this antivirus protection is that it is free AND produced by Microsoft. Those two don’t usually go hand in hand. If you want free virus protection, and you want something that will seamlessly integrate with Windows, Security Essentials is your best bet.
Recommendations?
Those are just 10 of the less well known antivirus solutionsf. Of course, there are plenty more out there. Do you rely on a somewhat obscure tool for antivirus? If so, share it with your fellow TechRepublic readers. After all, the perfect antivirus solution is still out there, waiting to be found and enjoyed by PC users and admins across the globe.
You know about the big players in the AV field — but a number of lesser-known tools may serve your needs as well (or even better). Jack Wallen runs through some of your choices.
Viruses come and go. Some of them are simply annoyances, but others are nasty little bits of malicious single-minded code that want to take down your machine or take away your data. Fortunately, there are plenty of tools out there that can help you deal with the problem. Some of those tools are well known: Symantec, McAfee, Norton. But you can also find tools that will serve you at a fraction of the cost or a fraction of the CPU processes.
I’m going to introduce you to some of these lesser-known antivirus tools. In the end, you will have more tools for your toolkit than you ever though you would have… all of which are ready to immunize you from machine-crushing code.
1: BitDefender
BitDefender is one of my favorites on the list. Why? Because it has one of the best graphical virus tools available for the Linux operating system. Of course it doesn’t offer just a Linux solution. BitDefender offers antivirus for both Linux and Windows, as well as for various server installations. In fact, BitDefender has solutions for mail servers, Samba servers, desktops, and much more.
2: Avira Antivir
Avira Antivir has, in many cases, found viruses where others have not. One of my favorite uses for this solution is to slap it on a Linux machine (the Linux version is command-line based, but does have a GUI if you prefer), attach an infected Windows drive externally, and run Avira on that drive. Much like BitDefender, Avira will find viruses many other solutions won’t find. And because it is mostly command line, it is also quite a bit faster than other tools.
3: ClamAV
ClamAV is mostly a mail server antivirus for Linux, but it does a bang-up job. If you’re hosting a Linux-based mail server, you will want to include ClamAV on it; otherwise, you risk winding up spreading the love of viruses around the globe.
4: Avast
Avast is not as much a wallflower as the other tools, but it certainly has never been crowned Prom Queen. It’s an outstanding tool that offers a lot of options many other tools over look. One of my favorite aspects of Avast is the built-in rootkit check. You can’t go wrong when you know your antivirus is keeping you safe from rootkits.
5: rkhunter
rkhunter is not so much an antivirus tool as it is an anti-rootkit tool. If you’ve never come across a rootkit on a machine, consider yourself lucky. Very lucky. Rootkits are the Mac Daddy of viruses. And if your current antivirus solution doesn’t protect you from rootkits, either add a rootkit protection tool on your system or uninstall and install one that does!
6: Dr.Web CureIt!
Dr.Web CureIt! is an interesting tool in that it requires no installation. It’s a simple binary file that, when double-clicked, will execute and scan your machine. The only drawback is that to get the latest definitions, you have to re-download the tool and use the newest version. But how easy would this tool be to use as a portable virus scanner?
7: ESET Smart Security
ESET Smart Security is from the makers of the NOD32 Antivirus tool that has been around for quite some time. ESET sets itself apart by being an antivirus and a firewall in one. But the firewall isn’t just a standard firewall. It’s a “learning firewall,” in that it observes how its users use the network and, theoretically, adapts to that usage. ESET also protects you from removable data and from viruses that attempt to disable your antivirus protection.
8: ZoneAlarm
ZoneAlarm is an antivirus tool that offers something others do not — DataLock. The DataLock portion of ZoneAlarm uses encryption on your hard drive so that it is readable only by those with the encryption key. DataLock also offers pre-boot authentication so that unauthorized users can’t even boot your machine. Yes, these features can be added from the BIOS or from other tools, but with ZoneAlarm, you have antivirus, encryption, and boot authentication all in one.
9: iAntiVirus
iAntiVirus is for — you guessed it — Mac. Like Linux, nothing is immune (no matter how much the media and the PR say it is). And that beautiful new Mac you bought can use protection as well as that new quad-core Windows 7 machine. iAntiVirus is as inherently Mac as you will ever find in an antivirus tool. Not only is it user-friendly, it has that same Mac interface that everyone has grown to love (or hate). And what’s best, iAntiVirus works like any other antivirus software you have ever used — only it does so on a Mac. So it must be better.
10: Microsoft Security Essentials
Microsoft Security Essentials has to be on this list. After all, it wouldn’t be fair of me to highlight inherently Linux and Mac tools without offering the Windows equivalent. What is really surprising about this antivirus protection is that it is free AND produced by Microsoft. Those two don’t usually go hand in hand. If you want free virus protection, and you want something that will seamlessly integrate with Windows, Security Essentials is your best bet.
Recommendations?
Those are just 10 of the less well known antivirus solutionsf. Of course, there are plenty more out there. Do you rely on a somewhat obscure tool for antivirus? If so, share it with your fellow TechRepublic readers. After all, the perfect antivirus solution is still out there, waiting to be found and enjoyed by PC users and admins across the globe.
24 de fev. de 2010
Event ID 13042
Event Type: Error
Event Source: Windows Server Update Services
Event Category: Clients
Event ID: 13042
Date: 6/25/2009
Time: 6:58:56 AM
User: N/A
Computer: localhost
Description:
Self-update is not working.
Andava já à algumas semanas com este erro no meu servidor WSUS e não percebia muito bem o porque de ele não estar a actualizar como deve de ser. Já tinha testado varias coisas mas nada tinha funcionado, até que hoje de manha depois de mais alguma pesquisa resolvi o problema.
O que é que se passava? Aqui a uns tempos instalei no mesmo servidor do WSUS a consola de administração do Symantec Endpoint Protection. Durante a instalação ele reconfigurou o DefaultWebsite do IIS, apagando uma virtual directory essencial para o correcto funcionamento das actualização do servidor WSUS. A correcção é simples.
Link
Event Source: Windows Server Update Services
Event Category: Clients
Event ID: 13042
Date: 6/25/2009
Time: 6:58:56 AM
User: N/A
Computer: localhost
Description:
Self-update is not working.
Andava já à algumas semanas com este erro no meu servidor WSUS e não percebia muito bem o porque de ele não estar a actualizar como deve de ser. Já tinha testado varias coisas mas nada tinha funcionado, até que hoje de manha depois de mais alguma pesquisa resolvi o problema.
O que é que se passava? Aqui a uns tempos instalei no mesmo servidor do WSUS a consola de administração do Symantec Endpoint Protection. Durante a instalação ele reconfigurou o DefaultWebsite do IIS, apagando uma virtual directory essencial para o correcto funcionamento das actualização do servidor WSUS. A correcção é simples.
1. Abrir IIS Manager apartir Administrative Tools
2. No website a correr na porta 80,criar uma virtual directory chamda 'Selfupdate'.
3. Apontar para 'C:\Program Files\Update Services\Selfupdate'.
4. Confirmar que a o acesso anonymous está activado.
5. Activar o 'Directory Browsing' na directo
E assim o problema desapareceu.
Link
23 de fev. de 2010
Entender os contadores de performance (Performance Counters)
Segue uma descrição dos principais contadores que muitas vezes recorremos para medir a performance de um sistema
Understanding Performance Counters data while troubleshooting Performance issues
To troubleshoot overall Database system performance issue, analyzing performance counters is the best way to start. By collecting performance counters during busy period for few days consistently and analyzing those data would give a better idea about overall system problems regarding Memory, CPU, and/or Disk I/O. Please note, for troubleshooting a particular SQL problem such as a stored procedure or a piece of T-SQL, it is better to look at the query execution plan and SQL Trace data and identify the need of redesigning a query or table indexes.
Some key performance counters to use while assessing a performance issues on SQL Server.
Memory:
Memory and Disk I/O complements each other. Memory issues on the system could affect disk I/O and vice versa. It is very critical to carefully observe the trend of performance counters data over a long period of time to identify the real problem.
· Memory\Available Mbytes
Threshold: A consistent value of less than 20 to 25 percent of installed RAM is an indication of insufficient memory.
Significance: This indicates the amount of physical memory available to processes running on the computer. Note that this counter displays the last observed value only. It is not an average.
· Memory\Page Reads/sec
Threshold: Sustained values of more than five indicate a large number of page faults for read requests.
Significance: This counter indicates that the working set of your process is too large for the physical memory and that it is paging to disk. It shows the number of read operations, without regard to the number of pages retrieved in each operation. Higher values indicate a memory bottleneck.
If a low rate of page-read operations coincides with high values for Physical Disk\% Disk Time and Physical Disk\Avg. Disk Queue Length, there could be a disk bottleneck. If an increase in queue length is not accompanied by a decrease in the pages-read rate, a memory shortage exists.
· Memory\Page Input/Sec:
Threshold: The value should not exceed 15. Higher the value poor the performance.
Significance: Pages Input/sec is the rate at which pages are read from disk to resolve hard page faults. Hard page faults occur when a process refers to a page in virtual memory that is not in its working set or elsewhere in physical memory, and must be retrieved from disk.
· Memory\Pages/sec
Threshold: Sustained values higher than five indicate a bottleneck.
Significance: This counter indicates the rate at which pages are read from or written to disk to resolve hard page faults. To determine the impact of excessive paging on disk activity, multiply the values of the Physical Disk\ Avg. Disk sec/Transfer and Memory\ Pages/sec counters. If the product of these counters exceeds 0.1, paging is taking more than 10 percent of disk access time, which indicates that you need more RAM. If this occurs over a long period, you probably need more memory.
A high value of Pages/sec indicates that your application does not have sufficient memory. The average of Pages Input/sec divided by average of Page Reads/sec gives the number of pages per disk read. This value should not generally exceed five pages per second. A value greater than five pages per second indicates that the system is spending too much time paging and requires more memory (assuming that the application has been optimized).
Processor
To measure processor utilization and context switching, you can use the following counters:
· Processor\% Processor Time
Threshold: The general figure for the threshold limit for processors is 65 percent.
Significance: This counter is the primary indicator of processor activity. High values many not necessarily be bad. However, if the other processor-related counters are increasing linearly such as % Privileged Time or Processor Queue Length, high CPU utilization may be worth investigating.
· Processor\% Privileged Time
Threshold: A figure that is consistently over 75 percent indicates a bottleneck.
Significance: This counter indicates the percentage of time a thread runs in privileged mode. When your application calls operating system functions (for example to perform file or network I/O or to allocate memory), these operating system functions are executed in privileged mode.
· System\Context Switches/sec
Threshold: As a general rule, context switching rates of less than 5,000 per second per processor are not worth worrying about. If context switching rates exceed 15,000 per second per processor, then there is a constraint.
Significance: Context switching happens when a higher priority thread preempts a lower priority thread that is currently running or when a high priority thread blocks. High levels of context switching can occur when many threads share the same priority level. This often indicates that there are too many threads competing for the processors on the system. If you do not see much processor utilization and you see very low levels of context switching, it could indicate that threads are blocked.
Disk I/O
To measure disk I/O activity, you can use the following counters:
· PhysicalDisk\Avg. Disk Queue Length
Threshold: Should not be higher than the number of spindles plus two.
Significance: This counter indicates the average number of both read and writes requests that were queued for the selected disk during the sample interval.
· PhysicalDisk\Avg. Disk Read Queue Length
Threshold: Should be less than two.
Significance: This counter indicates the average number of read requests that were queued for the selected disk during the sample interval.
· PhysicalDisk\Avg. Disk Write Queue Length
Threshold: Should be less than two.
Significance: This counter indicates the average number of write requests that were queued for the selected disk during the sample interval.
· PhysicalDisk\Avg. Disk sec/Read
Threshold: No specific value.
Less than 10 ms – very good
Between 10-20 ms – okay
Between 20-50 ms – slow, needs attention
Greater than 50 ms – Serious I/O bottleneck
Significance: This counter indicates the average time, in seconds, of a read of data from the disk.
· PhysicalDisk\Avg. Disk sec/Transfer
Threshold: Should not be more than 18 milliseconds.
Significance: This counter indicates the time, in seconds, of the average disk transfer. This may indicate a large amount of disk fragmentation, slow disks, or disk failures. Multiply the values of the Physical Disk\Avg. Disk sec/Transfer and Memory\Pages/sec counters. If the product of these counters exceeds 0.1, paging is taking more than 10 percent of disk access time, so you need more RAM.
· PhysicalDisk\Disk Writes/sec
Threshold: Depends on manufacturer's specification.
Significance: This counter indicates the rate of write operations on the disk.
· Physical Disk: %Disk Time
Threshold: Greater than 50 percent, it represents an I/O bottleneck
Significance: Represents the percentage of elapsed time that the selected disk drive was busy servicing read or write requests.
· Physical Disk\Avg. Disk Reads/Sec and Physical Disk\Avg. Disk Writes/Sec
Threshold: It should be less than 85% of the disk capacity
Significance: It represents the rate of read operations on the disk.
When using above counters, you may need to adjust the values for RAID configurations using the following formulas.
Raid 0 -- I/Os per disk = (reads + writes) / number of disks
Raid 1 -- I/Os per disk = [reads + (2 * writes)] / 2
Raid 5 -- I/Os per disk = [reads + (4 * writes)] / number of disks
Raid 10 -- I/Os per disk = [reads + (2 * writes)] / number of disks
For example, you have a RAID-1 system with two physical disks with the following values of the counters.
Disk Reads/sec 80
Disk Writes/sec 70
Avg. Disk Queue Length 5
In that case, you are encountering (80 + (2 * 70))/2 = 110 I/Os per disk and your disk queue length = 5/2 = 2.5 which indicates a border line I/O bottleneck.
Disk I/O issues can be minimized by having larger and sequential I/O activities. To achieve than you should consider partitioning. Partitioning can be done in many ways – Database partitioning, Tempdb partitioning, Table partitioning, index partitioning. At a minimum, it is highly recommended to partition your database in such a way that clustered index, non-clustered index, and transaction logs are each on a separate physical drive and spread across multiple logical filegroups/files within that drive.
Understanding Performance Counters data while troubleshooting Performance issues
To troubleshoot overall Database system performance issue, analyzing performance counters is the best way to start. By collecting performance counters during busy period for few days consistently and analyzing those data would give a better idea about overall system problems regarding Memory, CPU, and/or Disk I/O. Please note, for troubleshooting a particular SQL problem such as a stored procedure or a piece of T-SQL, it is better to look at the query execution plan and SQL Trace data and identify the need of redesigning a query or table indexes.
Some key performance counters to use while assessing a performance issues on SQL Server.
Memory:
Memory and Disk I/O complements each other. Memory issues on the system could affect disk I/O and vice versa. It is very critical to carefully observe the trend of performance counters data over a long period of time to identify the real problem.
· Memory\Available Mbytes
Threshold: A consistent value of less than 20 to 25 percent of installed RAM is an indication of insufficient memory.
Significance: This indicates the amount of physical memory available to processes running on the computer. Note that this counter displays the last observed value only. It is not an average.
· Memory\Page Reads/sec
Threshold: Sustained values of more than five indicate a large number of page faults for read requests.
Significance: This counter indicates that the working set of your process is too large for the physical memory and that it is paging to disk. It shows the number of read operations, without regard to the number of pages retrieved in each operation. Higher values indicate a memory bottleneck.
If a low rate of page-read operations coincides with high values for Physical Disk\% Disk Time and Physical Disk\Avg. Disk Queue Length, there could be a disk bottleneck. If an increase in queue length is not accompanied by a decrease in the pages-read rate, a memory shortage exists.
· Memory\Page Input/Sec:
Threshold: The value should not exceed 15. Higher the value poor the performance.
Significance: Pages Input/sec is the rate at which pages are read from disk to resolve hard page faults. Hard page faults occur when a process refers to a page in virtual memory that is not in its working set or elsewhere in physical memory, and must be retrieved from disk.
· Memory\Pages/sec
Threshold: Sustained values higher than five indicate a bottleneck.
Significance: This counter indicates the rate at which pages are read from or written to disk to resolve hard page faults. To determine the impact of excessive paging on disk activity, multiply the values of the Physical Disk\ Avg. Disk sec/Transfer and Memory\ Pages/sec counters. If the product of these counters exceeds 0.1, paging is taking more than 10 percent of disk access time, which indicates that you need more RAM. If this occurs over a long period, you probably need more memory.
A high value of Pages/sec indicates that your application does not have sufficient memory. The average of Pages Input/sec divided by average of Page Reads/sec gives the number of pages per disk read. This value should not generally exceed five pages per second. A value greater than five pages per second indicates that the system is spending too much time paging and requires more memory (assuming that the application has been optimized).
Processor
To measure processor utilization and context switching, you can use the following counters:
· Processor\% Processor Time
Threshold: The general figure for the threshold limit for processors is 65 percent.
Significance: This counter is the primary indicator of processor activity. High values many not necessarily be bad. However, if the other processor-related counters are increasing linearly such as % Privileged Time or Processor Queue Length, high CPU utilization may be worth investigating.
· Processor\% Privileged Time
Threshold: A figure that is consistently over 75 percent indicates a bottleneck.
Significance: This counter indicates the percentage of time a thread runs in privileged mode. When your application calls operating system functions (for example to perform file or network I/O or to allocate memory), these operating system functions are executed in privileged mode.
· System\Context Switches/sec
Threshold: As a general rule, context switching rates of less than 5,000 per second per processor are not worth worrying about. If context switching rates exceed 15,000 per second per processor, then there is a constraint.
Significance: Context switching happens when a higher priority thread preempts a lower priority thread that is currently running or when a high priority thread blocks. High levels of context switching can occur when many threads share the same priority level. This often indicates that there are too many threads competing for the processors on the system. If you do not see much processor utilization and you see very low levels of context switching, it could indicate that threads are blocked.
Disk I/O
To measure disk I/O activity, you can use the following counters:
· PhysicalDisk\Avg. Disk Queue Length
Threshold: Should not be higher than the number of spindles plus two.
Significance: This counter indicates the average number of both read and writes requests that were queued for the selected disk during the sample interval.
· PhysicalDisk\Avg. Disk Read Queue Length
Threshold: Should be less than two.
Significance: This counter indicates the average number of read requests that were queued for the selected disk during the sample interval.
· PhysicalDisk\Avg. Disk Write Queue Length
Threshold: Should be less than two.
Significance: This counter indicates the average number of write requests that were queued for the selected disk during the sample interval.
· PhysicalDisk\Avg. Disk sec/Read
Threshold: No specific value.
Less than 10 ms – very good
Between 10-20 ms – okay
Between 20-50 ms – slow, needs attention
Greater than 50 ms – Serious I/O bottleneck
Significance: This counter indicates the average time, in seconds, of a read of data from the disk.
· PhysicalDisk\Avg. Disk sec/Transfer
Threshold: Should not be more than 18 milliseconds.
Significance: This counter indicates the time, in seconds, of the average disk transfer. This may indicate a large amount of disk fragmentation, slow disks, or disk failures. Multiply the values of the Physical Disk\Avg. Disk sec/Transfer and Memory\Pages/sec counters. If the product of these counters exceeds 0.1, paging is taking more than 10 percent of disk access time, so you need more RAM.
· PhysicalDisk\Disk Writes/sec
Threshold: Depends on manufacturer's specification.
Significance: This counter indicates the rate of write operations on the disk.
· Physical Disk: %Disk Time
Threshold: Greater than 50 percent, it represents an I/O bottleneck
Significance: Represents the percentage of elapsed time that the selected disk drive was busy servicing read or write requests.
· Physical Disk\Avg. Disk Reads/Sec and Physical Disk\Avg. Disk Writes/Sec
Threshold: It should be less than 85% of the disk capacity
Significance: It represents the rate of read operations on the disk.
When using above counters, you may need to adjust the values for RAID configurations using the following formulas.
Raid 0 -- I/Os per disk = (reads + writes) / number of disks
Raid 1 -- I/Os per disk = [reads + (2 * writes)] / 2
Raid 5 -- I/Os per disk = [reads + (4 * writes)] / number of disks
Raid 10 -- I/Os per disk = [reads + (2 * writes)] / number of disks
For example, you have a RAID-1 system with two physical disks with the following values of the counters.
Disk Reads/sec 80
Disk Writes/sec 70
Avg. Disk Queue Length 5
In that case, you are encountering (80 + (2 * 70))/2 = 110 I/Os per disk and your disk queue length = 5/2 = 2.5 which indicates a border line I/O bottleneck.
Disk I/O issues can be minimized by having larger and sequential I/O activities. To achieve than you should consider partitioning. Partitioning can be done in many ways – Database partitioning, Tempdb partitioning, Table partitioning, index partitioning. At a minimum, it is highly recommended to partition your database in such a way that clustered index, non-clustered index, and transaction logs are each on a separate physical drive and spread across multiple logical filegroups/files within that drive.
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